《迷信》（2神仙道25神仙道11神仙道出书）一周论

编译|未玖Science, 10 JAN 2025, VOL 387, ISSUE 6730《迷信》2025年1月10日，第387卷，6730期?物理学PhysicsPhotonic axion insulator光子轴子绝缘体▲ 作者：GUI-GENG LIU, SUBHASKAR MANDAL, XIANG XI, QIANG WANG, CHIARA DEVESCOVI, ANTONIO MORALES-PéREZ, ET AL.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr5234▲择要：轴子是一种假设的基础粒子，在天然界中无奈探测到，其能够作为准粒子呈现在被称为轴子绝缘体的三维晶体中。先前轴子绝缘体的实当初很年夜水平上范围于二维体系，在试验中尚未摸索其三维拓扑特征。研讨组在三维光子晶体中实现了一种轴子绝缘子，并研讨了其拓扑性子。试验演示的特点包含每个名义上相似于分数陈氏绝缘子的半量子化陈数，在三维中构成拓扑输运的单向手性搭钮态，以及分数陈数跟整数陈数之间的算术运算。该任务经由过程试验将轴子绝缘体建立为物资的三维拓扑相，并实现了手性态经由过程编织构成庞杂的单向三维收集。▲ Abstract：Axions, hypothetical elementary particles that remain undetectable in nature, can arise as quasiparticles in three-dimensional crystals known as axion insulators. Previous implementations of axion insulators have largely been limited to two-dimensional systems, leaving their topological properties in three dimensions unexplored in experiment. Here, we realize an axion insulator in a three-dimensional photonic crystal and probe its topological properties. Demonstrated features include half-quantized Chern numbers on each surface that resembles a fractional Chern insulator, unidirectional chiral hinge states forming topological transport in three dimensions, and arithmetic operations between fractional and integer Chern numbers. Our work experimentally establishes the axion insulator as a three-dimensional topological phase of matter and enables chiral states to form complex, unidirectional three-dimensional networks through braiding.Quadruple-band synglisis enables high thermoelectric efficiency in earth-abundant tin sulfide crystals四能带分解使地球储量丰盛的硫化锡晶体存在高热电效力▲ 作者：SHAN LIU, SHULIN BAI, YI WEN, JING LOU, YONGZHEN JIANG, YINGCAI ZHU, ET AL.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado1133▲择要：热电资料始终遭到其构成元素稀缺的限度，尤其是碲化物。地球上储量丰盛的宽禁带（Eg≈46 kBT）硫化锡（SnS）在晶体状态上表示出颇具远景的机能。研讨组经由过程增进四个价带的能量跟动量辐合来进步SnS晶体的热电效力，称为四能带分解。他们在硒（Se）合金SnS中引入了更多的Sn空位来激活四能带分解，并经由过程引诱SnS2来增进载流子的传输，从而实现p型SnS晶体在300 K温度下约1.0的高无穷纲品德系数（ZT），在300 K~ 773 K温度下的均匀ZT为1.3。研讨组进一步取得了6.5%的试验效力，其制作的冷却器在353 K时的最年夜冷却温差为48.4 K。该发明无望惹起人们对地球上储量丰盛的SnS晶体在废热接纳跟热电冷却方面利用的兴致。▲ Abstract：Thermoelectrics have been limited by the scarcity of their constituent elements, especially telluride. The earth-abundant, wide-bandgap (Eg ≈ 46 kBT) tin sulfide (SnS) has shown promising performance in its crystal form. We improved the thermoelectric efficiency in SnS crystals by promoting the convergence of energy and momentum of four valance bands, termed quadruple-band synglisis. We introduced more Sn vacancies to activate quadruple-band synglisis and facilitate carrier transport by inducing SnS2 in selenium (Se)–alloyed SnS, leading to a high dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) of ~1.0 at 300 kelvin and an average ZT of ~1.3 at 300 to 773 kelvin in p-type SnS crystals. We further obtained an experimental efficiency of ~6.5%, and our fabricated cooler demonstrated a maximum cooling temperature difference of ~48.4 kelvin at 353 kelvin. Our observations should draw interest to earth-abundant SnS crystals for applications of waste-heat recovery and thermoelectric cooling.资料迷信Materials ScienceBuilding materials could store more than 16 billion tonnes of CO2annually建造资料每年可贮存超越160亿吨的CO2▲ 作者：ELISABETH VAN ROIJEN, SABBIE A. MILLER AND STEVEN J. DAVIS▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq8594▲择要：实现温室气体净零排放可能不只须要增加排放，还须要无效应用二氧化碳（CO2）去除技巧。研讨组摸索了每年在建造资料中贮存CO2的潜力。成果发明，在新的基本设备中，用CO2贮存替换品完整代替传统建造资料，每年可贮存多达166±28亿吨CO2——约占2021年工资CO2排放量的50%。总贮存潜力对所用资料的范围比对单元品质资料贮存的碳量更敏感。别的，建造资料的碳贮存库将与对这些资料的需要成比例增加，无望增加对本钱更高或情况危险更年夜的地质、海洋或大陆贮存的需要。▲ Abstract：Achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions likely entails not only lowering emissions but also deploying carbon dioxide (CO2) removal technologies. We explored the annual potential to store CO2 in building materials. We found that fully replacing conventional building materials with CO2-storing alternatives in new infrastructure could store as much as 16.6 ± 2.8 billion tonnes of CO2 each year—roughly 50% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in 2021. The total storage potential is far more sensitive to the scale of materials used than the quantity of carbon stored per unit mass of materials. Moreover, the carbon storage reservoir of building materials will grow in proportion to demand for such materials, which could reduce demand for more costly or environmentally risky geological, terrestrial, or ocean storage.Wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 film integration for stable, efficient perovskite solar cells晶圆级单层MoS2膜集成助力稳固、高效的钙钛矿太阳能电池▲ 作者：HUACHAO ZAI, PENGFEI YANG, JIE SU, RUIYANG YIN, RUNDONG FAN, YUETONG WU, ET AL.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado2351▲择要：钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）贸易化的重要挑衅之一是实现高功率转换效力（PCE）跟充足的稳固性。研讨组经由过程转移工艺将晶圆级持续单层MoS2缓冲膜集成至钙钛矿层的顶部跟底部。这些膜在物理上禁止了钙钛矿离子迁徙到载流子输运层，并经由过程强配位彼此感化在化学上稳固了甲脒-碘化铅相。无效的化学钝化源于Pb-S键的构成，多数载流子经由过程I型带陈列被拦阻。MoS2/钙钛矿/MoS2设置的立体p-i-n PSCs（0.074平方厘米）跟模块（9.6平方厘米）的PCE分辨高达26.2%（经认证的稳态PCE为25.9%）跟22.8%。别的，该器件表示出优良的干冷（85℃跟85%绝对湿度）稳固性，1200小时后PCE丧失 5%，且在低温（85℃）下运转稳固性明显，1200小时后PCE丧失 4%。▲ Abstract：One of the primary challenges in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and sufficient stability. We integrate wafer-scale continuous monolayer MoS2 buffers at the top and bottom of a perovskite layer through a transfer process. These films physically block ion migration of perovskite into carrier transport layers and chemically stabilize the formamidinium lead iodide phase through strong coordination interaction. Effective chemical passivation results from the formation of Pb-S bonds, and minority carriers are blocked through a type-I band alignment. Planar p-i-n PSCs (0.074 square centimeters) and modules (9.6 square centimeters) with MoS2/perovskite/MoS2 configuration achieve PCEs up to 26.2% (certified steady-state PCE of 25.9%) and 22.8%, respectively. Moreover, the devices show excellent damp heat (85°C and 85% relative humidity) stability with 5% PCE loss after 1200 hours and notable high temperature (85°C) operational stability with 4% PCE loss after 1200 hours.化学ChemistryBFluorine-rich poly(arylene amine) membranes for the separation of liquid aliphatic compounds富氟聚芳胺膜助力分别液态脂肪族化合物▲ 作者：YI REN, HUI MA, JINSU KIM, MOHAMMED AL OTMI, PING LIN, CHANGHUI DAI, ET AL.▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp2619▲择要：研讨组摸索了膜资料在分别脂肪烃质料跟产物时增加能量跟碳需要的潜力。他们开辟了一系列富氟聚（芳胺）聚合物膜，其特色是存在刚性聚合物主链跟分别的全氟烷基侧链。这种组合使聚合物可能抵御碳氢化合物浸泡激发的收缩，而不会丧失基于溶液的膜制作技巧。这些资料在常温下对液相烷烃异构体存在精良的分别机能。经由过程一系列试验研讨了将这些聚合物膜集成到燃料跟化学质料分别工艺中。基于这些试验的技巧经济剖析标明，机能最佳的膜资料能够年夜幅下降碳氢化合物分别的动力本钱跟相干碳排放（依据产物规格，可下降2至10倍）。▲ Abstract：We explored the potential for membrane materials to reduce energy and carbon requirements for the separation of aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstocks and products. We developed a series of fluorine-rich poly(arylene amine) polymer membranes that feature rigid polymer backbones with segregated perfluoroalkyl side chains. This combination imbues the polymers with resistance to dilation induced by hydrocarbon immersion without the loss of solution-based membrane fabrication techniques. These materials exhibit good separation of liquid-phase alkane isomers at ambient temperatures. The integration of these polymeric membranes into fuel and chemical feedstock separation processes was investigated in a series of experiments. Technoeconomic analyses based on these experiments indicate that the best-performing membrane materials can substantially reduce the energy costs and associated carbon emissions of hydrocarbon separations (two to 10 times, depending on product specifications).地球迷信Earth ScienceLinear-viscous flow of temperate ice温带冰的线性粘性活动▲ 作者：COLLIN M. SCHOHN, NEAL R. IVERSON, LUCAS K. ZOET, JACOB R. FOWLER AND NATASHA MORGAN-WITTS▲链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp7708▲择要：对处于压力熔化温度且在晶界处含有液态水的温带冰川冰的变形停止准确建模，对猜测冰盖向大陆的排放以及相干的海立体回升至关主要。这种模子的中心是格伦活动定律，此中应变率取决于应力的n=3到4次幂。与这种非线性构成赫然对照的是，研讨组经由过程停止年夜范围剪切变形试验发明，在冰川床邻近跟冰流边沿的液态水含量跟应力的通用范畴内，温带冰是线性粘性的（n≈1.0）。这种线性可能由晶界处的分散压力熔化跟再解冻激发，有助于稳固冰盖对压缩惹起的应力增添的模仿呼应。▲ Abstract：Accurately modeling the deformation of temperate glacier ice, which is at its pressure-melting temperature and contains liquid water at grain boundaries, is essential for predicting ice sheet discharge to the ocean and associated sea-level rise. Central to such modeling is Glen’s flow law, in which strain rate depends on stress raised to a power of n = 3 to 4. In sharp contrast to this nonlinearity, we found by conducting large-scale, shear-deformation experiments that temperate ice is linear-viscous (n ≈ 1.0) over common ranges of liquid water content and stress expected near glacier beds and in ice-stream margins. This linearity is likely caused by diffusive pressure melting and refreezing at grain boundaries and could help to stabilize modeled responses of ice sheets to shrinkage-induced stress increases.